上海申弘閥門有限公司
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工業(yè)常用截止閥
上海申弘閥門有限公司
2．工業(yè)常用截止閥截止閥
之前介紹截止閥型號(hào)含義，現(xiàn)在介紹截止閥是關(guān)閉件——閥瓣沿閥座中心線移動(dòng)的閥門，截止閥在管道上主要作切斷用，使用較普遍，直通式截止閥的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖2-4所示。用通用工業(yè)閥門約有3000余種，可通過(guò)號(hào)規(guī)范、計(jì)劃控制、采購(gòu)控制和在用工業(yè)閥門管理，統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后，可降至800種左右，可大量減少庫(kù)存儲(chǔ)備量，節(jié)約占用資金。截止閥的啟閉件是塞形的閥瓣，密封面呈平面或錐面，閥瓣沿流體的中心線作直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。閥桿的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式，有升降桿式（閥桿升降，手輪不升降），也有升降旋轉(zhuǎn)桿式（手輪與閥桿一起旋轉(zhuǎn)升降，螺母設(shè)在閥體上）。截止閥只適用于全開(kāi)和全關(guān)，不允許作調(diào)節(jié)和節(jié)流。
(1)截止閥的分類截止閥有多種分類方法。
1)按流通形式分類
流通形式
2)按密封副的結(jié)構(gòu)形式分類
密封副形式
3)按閥桿梯形螺紋的位置分類
閥桿梯形螺紋位置直通式角式直流式三通式上螺紋閥稈下螺紋悶桿
(2)截止閥IYJ-性能截止閥主要用于切斷或接通管路中的介質(zhì)，可在短時(shí)間內(nèi)用來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)介質(zhì)的流量，如果長(zhǎng)期用于調(diào)節(jié)，密封面會(huì)被介質(zhì)沖蝕，密封性能受影響。
1)截止閥的性能。截止閥的性能見(jiàn)表2 -14：表2-14截止閌的性能
2)截止閥結(jié)構(gòu)形式
①流通形式。截止閥各種流通形式結(jié)構(gòu)和性能比較見(jiàn)表2 -15。
上海申弘閥門有限公司主營(yíng)閥門有：截止閥,電動(dòng)截止閥截止閥屬于強(qiáng)制密封式閥門，所以在閥門關(guān)閉時(shí)，必須向閥瓣施加壓力，以強(qiáng)制密封面不泄漏。當(dāng)介質(zhì)由閥瓣下方進(jìn)入閥六時(shí)，操作力所需要克服的阻力，是閥桿和填料的磨擦力與由介質(zhì)的壓力所產(chǎn)生的推力，關(guān)閥門的力比開(kāi)閥門的力大，所以閥桿的直徑要大，否則會(huì)發(fā)生閥桿頂彎的故障。近年來(lái)，從自密封的閥門出現(xiàn)后，截止閥的介質(zhì)流向就改由閥瓣上方進(jìn)入閥腔，這時(shí)在介質(zhì)壓力作用下，關(guān)閥門的力小，而開(kāi)閥門的力大，閥桿的直徑可以相應(yīng)地減少。同時(shí)，在介質(zhì)作用下，這種形式的閥門也較嚴(yán)密。我國(guó)閥門“三化給”曾規(guī)定，截止閥的流向，一律采用自上而下。
截止閥開(kāi)啟時(shí)，閥瓣的開(kāi)啟高度，為公稱直徑的25%～30%時(shí)，流量已達(dá)到zui大，表示閥門已達(dá)全開(kāi)位置。所以截止閥的全開(kāi)位置，應(yīng)由閥瓣的行程來(lái)決定。
| 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編號(hào) | 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中文名稱 | 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英文名稱 |
| DL/T531-1994(2005復(fù)審) | 電站高溫高壓截止閥、閘閥技術(shù)條件 | |
| GB/T11689-1989 | 船用法蘭鑄鋼截止閥(四進(jìn)位) | Marine cast steel flanged stop valves |
| GB/T12235-1989 | 通用閥門法蘭連接鋼制截止閥和升降式止回閥 | General purpose industrial valves—Flanged steel globe valves and lift check valves |
| GB/T12233-1989 | 通用閥門鐵制截止閥與升降式止回閥 | General purpose industrial valves—Casting iron globe valves and lift check valves |
| GB/T1951-1984 | 船用低壓外螺紋青銅截止閥 | Marine low pressure bronze male threaded stop valves |
| GB/T2499-1993 | 船用法蘭鑄鐵雙排截止閥箱 | Marine cast iron flange dual-row stop valves-case |
| GB/T590-1993 | 船用法蘭鑄鐵截止閥 | Marine cast iron flanged stop valves |
| GB/T594-1983 | 船用外螺紋鍛鋼截止閥 | Marine forged steel male thread stop valves |
| GB/T584-1999 | 船用法蘭鑄鋼截止閥 | Marine cast steel flanged stop valves |
| GB/T595-1983 | 船用外螺紋青銅截止閥 | Marine bronze male thread stop valves |
| GB/T587-1993 | 船用法蘭青銅截止閥 | Marine bronze flanged stop valves |
| JB/T7245-1994 | 制冷裝置用截止閥 | |
| JB/T7747-1995 | 針形截止閥 | |
| JB/T9081-1999 | 空氣分離設(shè)備用低溫截止閥和節(jié)流閥技術(shù)條件 | |
| JB/T53165-1999 | 高壓平衡截止閥 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量分等 | |
| JB/T53174-1999 | 截止閥產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量分等 | |
| JB/T53155-1999 | 空氣分離設(shè)備用低溫截止閥和節(jié)流閥 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量分等 | |
| JB/T8859-2004 | 截止閥靜壓壽命試驗(yàn)規(guī)程 | |
| HG/T3215-1986 | 聚三氟氯乙烯塑料襯里截止閥 | |
| NF E29-350-2003 | 工業(yè)用閥.鋼制球閥、球狀截止閥和止回閥 | (Industrial valves - Steel globe and globe stop and check valves.) |
| NF P43-001-2000 | 建筑物用閥門.建筑物中供應(yīng)引用水用銅合金截止閥.試驗(yàn)和要求 | (Building valves - Copper alloy stopvalves for potable water supply in buildings - Tests and requirements.) |
| NF D36-380-2001 | 燃?xì)馊紵骱腿細(xì)庥镁哂米詣?dòng)截止閥的閥門檢驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) | (Valve proving systems for automatic shut-off valves for gas burners and gas appliances.) |
| NF A84-621-2002 | 氣焊設(shè)備.焊接、切割和相關(guān)工藝用帶截止閥的速動(dòng)連接 | (Gas welding equipment - Quick-action coupling with shut-off valves for welding, cutting and allied processes.) |
| NF M88-771-1975 | 液化烴容器裝置.手動(dòng)截止閥.制造.功能.試驗(yàn) | (LIQUEFIED HYDROCARBON INSTALLATIONS IN CONTAINERS. MANUALLY CONTROLLED STOP VALVE. CONSTRUCTION. OPERATION. TESTS.) |
| NF P43-002-1981 | 建筑物水管閥門.水表截止閥.一般技術(shù)規(guī)范 | (VALVES AND TAPS FOR WATER SUPPLY IN BUILDINGS. STOP VALVES FOR METER. GENERAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS.) |
| BS EN 13709-2003 | 工業(yè)用閥.鋼制球閥、球狀截止閥和止回閥 | (Industrial valves - Steel globe and globe stop and check valves) |
| BS 1552-1995 | 一類、二類和三類燃?xì)庥檬謩?dòng)截止閥規(guī)范 | (Specification for open bottomed taper plug valves for 1st, 2nd and 3rd family gases up to 200 mbar) |
| BS 7461-1991 | 帶有流量調(diào)節(jié)器、閉路開(kāi)關(guān)指示、閉合位置指示器開(kāi)關(guān)或氣流量控制的電動(dòng)自動(dòng)氣體截止閥規(guī)范 | (Specification for electrically operated automatic gas shut-off valves fitted with throughput adjusters, proof of closure switches, closed position indicator switches or gas flow control) |
| BS 1010-2-1973 | 給排水設(shè)施用排放旋塞和截止(旋壓式)閥規(guī)范.第2部分:排放旋塞和地面上用截止閥 | (Specification for draw-off taps and stopvalves for water services (screw-down pattern) - Draw-off taps and above-ground stopvalves) |
| BS 1873-1975 | 石油、石油化學(xué)及有關(guān)工業(yè)用鋼球形閥、球形截止閥與單向閥(有法蘭及對(duì)接焊端)規(guī)范 | (Specification for steel globe and globe stop and check valves (flanged and butt-welding ends) for the petroleum, petrochemical and allied industries) |
| BS 3457-1973 | 水與截止閥座墊圈材料規(guī)范 | (Specification for materials for water tap and stopvalve seat washers) |
| DIN 4817-1-1981 | 液態(tài)氣的截止閥.概念.安全技術(shù)要求.檢驗(yàn).標(biāo)志 | (Shut off valves for liquefied gases; definitions, requirement, testing, marking) |
| DIN 86251-1998 | 造船用鑄鐵制帶法蘭的DN15至500的截止閥 | (Shutt off valves for shipboard use, of cast iron, with flanges, DN 15 to 500) |
| DIN 86260-1998 | 造船用炮銅制帶法蘭DN15至500的截止閥 | (Shutt off valves for shipboard use, of gun metall, with flanges, DN 15 to 500) |
| DIN 85003-4-1997 | 造船用管件的交貨技術(shù)條件.第4部分:氣動(dòng)截止閥 | (Technical specifications for valves for shipboard use - Part 4: Stop valves) |
| DIN 85003-6-1997 | 造船用管件的交貨技術(shù)條件.第6部分:手動(dòng)截止閥 | (Technical specifications for valves for shipboard use -Part 6: Hand operated gate valves) |
| DIN 3399-1986 | 低壓截止閥.安全技術(shù)要求和檢驗(yàn) | (Gas low-pressure cut-off valves; safety requirements, testing) |
| DIN 3160-1974 | 公稱壓力25的冷卻劑循環(huán)直通截止閥 | (Through-valves for refrigerant circuits, nominal pressure 25 bar) |
| DIN 3161-1974 | 公稱壓力25的冷卻劑循環(huán)角形截止閥 | (Elbow valves for refrigerant circuits; nominal pressure 25 bar) |
| DIN 4056-1992 | 水管.街道地下截止閥門的路蓋.DVGW技術(shù)規(guī)范 | (Water pipelines; valve boxes for stop valves; DVGW code of practice) |
| DIN EN 1643-2001 | 燃?xì)馊紵骱腿細(xì)庥镁哂米詣?dòng)截止閥的閥門檢驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) | (Valve proving systems for automatic shut-off valves for gas burners and gas appliances; German version EN 1643:2000) |
| DIN 86500-1968 | 船用螺紋連接的截止閥和閘閥等概述 | (Valves and Gate Valves with Screwed Connections; Survey of Types for Shipbuilding) |
| DIN 86254-2000 | 船只及造船技術(shù).超輕型截止閥DN32-DN125(PN10) | (Ships and marine technology - Shut off valves extra light duty DN 32 to DN 125, PN 10) |
| DIN EN 13709-2003 | 工業(yè)用閥.鋼制球閥、球狀截止閥和止回閥 | (Industrial valves - Steel globe and globe stop and check valves; German version EN 13709:2002) |
| DIN EN 1213-1999 | 建筑閥門.建筑物中飲用水供應(yīng)用銅合金截止閥試驗(yàn)和要求 | (Building valves - Copper alloy stopvalves for potable water supply in buildings - Tests and requirements; German version EN 1213:1999) |
| DIN 86266-2002 | 船舶和航海技術(shù).用手夾緊和法蘭連接的超輕型法蘭的截止閥 | (Ships and marine technology - Butterfly valves for flanges extra light duty wafer type and flanged type - DN 50 to DN 125, PN 10) |
| GB/T1856-1993 | 船用法蘭鑄鐵單排排出截止閥箱 | Marine flanged cast iron single arrangement exhaust stop box valve |
| GB/T1854-1993 | 船用法蘭鑄鐵單排吸入截止閥箱 | Marine flanged cast iron single arrangement suction stop box valve |
| JIS B8605-2002 | 致冷裝置的截止閥 | (Stop valves for refrigerants) |
| JIS F7379-1996 | 造船.卡套式30K黃銅截止閥 | (Shipbuilding -- Brass 30K stop valves with bite joint(s)) |
工業(yè)常用截止閥標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
JIS E4103-1988 | 鐵路車輛用截止閥 | (Cut-out cocks for railway rolling stock) |
JIS E4114-1989 | 鐵路車輛用青銅截止閥 | (Bronze stop valves for railway rolling stock) |
QB/T3880-1999 | 衛(wèi)生潔具、暖氣直角式截止閥技術(shù)條件 | Technical requirements for sanitariness ware and heating angle valve |
QB/T3881-1999 | 衛(wèi)生潔具、暖氣直角式截止閥型式和尺寸 | Shapes and dimensions of sanitariness ware and heating angle valve |
JB/T10530-2005 | 氧氣用截止閥 |
截止閥具有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：
結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，制造和維修比較方便。
工作行程小，啟閉時(shí)間短。
密封性好，密封面間磨擦力小，壽命較長(zhǎng)。
截止閥的缺點(diǎn)如下：
流體阻力大，開(kāi)啟和關(guān)閉時(shí)所需力較大。
不適用于帶顆粒、粘度較大、易結(jié)焦的介質(zhì)。
調(diào)節(jié)性能較差。
截止閥的種類按閥桿螺紋的位置分有外螺紋式、內(nèi)螺紋式。按介質(zhì)的流向分，有直通式、直流式和角式。截止閥按密封形式分，有填料密封截止閥和波紋管密封截止閥。
③閥桿。截止閥閥桿一般都做升降運(yùn)動(dòng)，手輪固定在閥桿的上端部，當(dāng)順時(shí)針轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)手輪時(shí)閥桿帶動(dòng)閥瓣向下運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)閉閥門。
根據(jù)閥桿梯形螺紋位置的不同可分為上螺紋閥桿和下螺紋閥桿，上螺紋閥桿的梯形螺紋位于閥桿的上半部，下螺紋閥桿的梯形螺紋位于閥桿的下半部，兩者的性能比較見(jiàn)表2 -17。
表2 -17上螺紋閥桿與下螺紋閥桿性能比較
截止閥的安裝與維護(hù)應(yīng)注意以下事項(xiàng)：
手輪、手柄操作的截止閥可安裝在管道的任何位置上。
手輪、手柄及偉動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)，不允許作起吊用。
介質(zhì)的流向應(yīng)與閥體所示箭頭方向一致。與本文相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品有角式平衡型截止閥設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明
